Metal crimping, clinching, and riveting are all processes used to join pieces of metal together. Crimping involves deforming or bending metal to create a tight bond between two pieces. This method is commonly used in the HVAC industry where piping and duct work need to be joined securely. Clinching, on the other hand, involves deforming metal by compressing it together with another piece of metal. This method is low-cost and requires no additional materials but it is less aesthetically pleasing than other methods. Finally, metal riveting is a process which involves using a rivet gun to join two pieces of metal with a metal rivet or bolt. This results in a strong, permanent joint, which is often used in aerospace and automotive industries or where other methods such as welding may not be possible. Each of these processes has unique uses and benefits depending on specific application requirements.